Surface water ground water interactions What 地表水地下水相互作用.pptVIP

 Ground and surface water interactions in karst terrains:Some observations from along the Cody Scarp Jon Martin Liz Screaton, PJ Moore Acknowledgements: NSF, DEP, SRWMD O’Leno State Park, Ichetucknee State Park Sheryl Gordon, Randy Dean, Brooke Sprouse, Jennifer Martin How does flow in conduits and matrix interact?- What can be learned from chemistry of spring discharge? StudyArea:Cody Scarp Mill Pond Spring, Ichetucknee River Santa Fe RiverSink/Rise area Travel time: Sink ? Rise Flow velocity, two “floods” Discharge at sink and rise:evidence for conduit-matrix exchange Cl- concentrations vs. distance and through time following 1998 El Nino floods Seawater Sr Isotopes Through Time Mixing: Ocala Ls and seawater + radiogenic Sr?Some wells have more Ocala Sr than othersRadiogenic Sr from Hawthorn Gp?  222Rn Geochemistry Rn input and decay Conclusions and Questions * Modified from White, 2002 Karst aquifers have two distinct ground water reservoirs: Conduits ( 1 cm2) Matrix (fracture and intergranular porosity) Flow unimportant in low porosity matrix, e.g. Paleozoic aquifers High porosity matrix important flow path and for storage, e.g. Floridan aquifer Martin and Screaton, 2001 Martin and Gordon, 1997 ~21 cm of rain Dye return Sink Well Rise Well Velocity constant through conduits Velocity depends on stage and discharge Discharge can be used to determine conduit size Determine residence time – chemical sampling 2.2 million m3 lost 1.1 million m3 lost 19 million m3 gained 0.7079Upper Ocala Modern Seawater 0.70917 Noble gas; non-reactive in inorganic or organic reactions. ? Loss from evasion to atmosphere. Alkaline earth element; easily fits in clay and carbonate mineral structures. 226Ra 222Rn derived from decay of 238U 222Rn t? = ~1600 yrs ? Source of 222Rn to ground water. 218Po t? = 3.8 days ? Loss from radioactive decay. Excess Rn Rn Deficit Distance from sink (m) 9.78 masl 10.53 masl ~12.2 masl N = 222Rn activity N0 =initial 222Rn activity l = de