Sterilization and disinfection ksums杀菌消毒ksums.net.pptVIP

STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION Dr Abdulaziz S. Al Khattaf King Saud University INTRODUCTION Sterilization A physical or chemical process that completely destroys or removes all microbial life, including spores. Disinfection It is killing or removing of harmful microorganisms Disinfectant Products used to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects or surfaces. Disinfectants are not necessarily sporicidal, but may be sporostatic, inhibiting germination or outgrowth Antiseptic A product that destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms in or on living tissue. Aseptic Characterized by the absence of pathogenic microbes. METHODS OF STERILIZATION 1. Physical methods Heat Dry Moist Radiation U.V. light Ionizing radiation Filtration 2. Chemical Methods METHODS OF STERILIZATION Radiation: U.V. light- Has limited sterilizing power because of poor penetration into most materials. Generally used in irradiation of air in certain areas eg. Operating Rooms and T.B. laboratories. Ionizing radiation- e.g. Gamma radiation: Source Cobalt60 has greater energy than U.V. light, therefore more effective. Used mainly in industrial facilities e.g. sterilization of disposable plastic syringes, gloves, specimens containers and Petri Dishes. METHODS OF STERILIZATION Filtration May be done under either negative or positive pressure. Best known example is the membrane filter made from cellulose acetate. Generally removes most bacteria but viruses and some small bacteria e.g. Chlamydias Mycoplasmas may pass through. Thus filtration does not technically sterilize items but it is adequate for circumstances under which it is used. Main use: for heat labile substances e.g. sera, antibiotics. The recommended size filter that will exclude the smallest bacterial cells is 0.22 micron METHODS OF STERILIZATION Sterilization by Heat: Most common method Dry Heat Simplest method is exposing the item to be sterilized to the naked flame e.g. Bunsen burner- for sterilizing bacterio