The European Intellectual Revolution “The 欧洲知识革命.pptVIP

Lecture 10 The European Intellectual Revolution: “The Enlightenment” Readings: Spodek, pp. 520-526, 531-533, 533-536 Enlightenment is A Product of the Scientific Revolution If you can know the “natural” world, then you should be able to know the “social, political, economic worlds. Sir Isaac Newton was a model. The goal was to make everyone happy. Immanuel Kant “What is Enlightenment” “Don’t be Afraid to Know” “Have Courage to Use Your Own Reason” John Locke Was English and lived from 1631-1704. Two Treatises on Government: Political Liberalism and Representation. John Locke felt that property was necessary to have a stake in the government. Baron de Montesquieu Was French and lived from 1689-1755. Spirit of Laws: Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Voltaire Was French and lived from 1694-1778. “Enlightened Despotism” Religious Toleration Jean-Jacques Rousseau Was French from 1712-1778. The Social Contract: The General Will Public must be generous Make other people happy Private happiness linked to public happiness Emile Education The Woman Question Idea of State religion: Nationalism, Patriotism Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations (1776) Laissez-faire economy Free Trade The Invisible Hand Jeremy Bentham Utalitarianism Best Policy which promotes Greatest happiness of the greatest number. Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac Public Opinion Coffee Houses Newspapers Academies Salons * * * * * * *