The Hall Effect University of Rochester霍尔效应罗切斯特大学.pptVIP

THE HALL EFFECT As Presented by Kishore Padmaraju In Experimental Conjunction with Greg Smith Alex Pawlicki OUTLINE What Is The Hall Effect? How does it affect you? Scientific Principles Applications Previous Setup Shortcomings New Setup How it works Possible Improvements Results Conclusion HALL EFFECT: THE DISCOVERY Discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879. Quantum Hall Effect discovered in 1975 THE HALL EFFECT Lorentz Force: F = q[E + (v x B)] Hall voltage is produced by charge accumulation on sidewalls Charge accumulation balances Lorentz Force Charge accumulation increases resistance THE HALL EFFECT: SEMICONDUCTORS Why Semiconductors? Ideal number of charge carriers Charge carriers increase with temperature What we can learn Sign of charge carrier Charge carrier density Charge carrier mobility Energy gap HALL VOLTAGE For simple conductors Where n = carrier density, d = conductor length RH is known as the Hall coefficient VH α B ? Useful for measuring B-Fields Gaussmeter Probe uses a hall sensor HALL COEFFICIENT Semiconductors have two charge carriers However, for large magnetic fields Enables us to determine the carrier density EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Liquid N2 Heaters are used for temperature control NEW EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Motivation Old automated system inadequate Previous groups frustrated with results Goal Create new DAQ+LabVIEW system More reliable measurements Easy user interface Easy data collection Measure Hall Voltage Current through Semiconductor Temperature Magnetic Field MEASUREMENT OF HALL VOLTAGE Our hall generator is a fully integrated device Easy measurement of Hall Voltage Indirect but easy measurement of current Semiconductor TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Constantan-Copper Thermocouple Seebeck effect converts temperature gradient to voltage Non-Linear Original thermocouple didn’t work! Where is it? It is this junction between metals! MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT R Magnet Disaster! 4R V Vmeasure Burned Resistor DAQ, LABVIEW