The Homecoming of American College Women The Reversal of the美国女大学生返校的逆转.pptVIP

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The Homecoming of American College Women The Reversal of the美国女大学生返校的逆转.ppt

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The Homecoming of American College Women The Reversal of the美国女大学生返校的逆转

The Homecoming of American CollegeWomen: The Reversal of the CollegeGender Gap Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz, and Ilyana Kuziemko Brief Summary Men and women in the earlier cohorts born prior to 1910 attended college in almost equal numbers. The college gender gap began to widen in favor of men during the 1930s when unemployment left many with little else to do and a college degree could greatly enhance employability. Parity was reached by the cohorts born in 1960, and the female advantage widened considerably in the next decade. College enrollment for women is now higher than that of men (female advantage in college enrollment and graduation is larger for Hispanics and black non-Hispanics than for white non-Hispanics) KEY: Women lagged behind in college attendence in the 1920-1960’s but have outperformed boys in college attendance in the recent decade Trends in College Enrollment Trends in College Enrollment Dataset and Outcome Measure Three longitudinal surveys of high school pupils. Limit the samples to graduating seniors. The 1972 National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) 1988 National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS). Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey Outcome Measure: Receipt of a bachelor’s degree (four-year college degree) within seven to eight years of high school graduation Performance Differences Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results * * Across all three surveys girls achieved considerably higher grades in high school than boys In the Wisconsin data of high school seniors graduating in 1957, the high school rank of the median girl was 21 percentile points above the median boy. In the NLS data for 1972 graduates, the median girl was 17 percentile points above the median boy The difference was almost 16 percentile points for the 1992 graduates in t