The Microprocessor Ten Years from Now Why it is 微处理器十年后从现在为什么它是.pptVIP

What I want to do today Given that everyone is heralding Multi-core Is it really the Holy Grail? Will it cure cancer? A lot of misinformation has surfaced What multi-core is and what it is not And where we go from here To whet the appetite Can multi-core save power via the freq cube law? Is ILP dead? Should sample benchmarks drive future designs? Is hardware really sequential? Should multi-core structures be simple? Does productivity demand we ignore what’s below? The Compile-time Outline Multi-core: how we got here Mis-information Where do we go from here Outline Multi-core: how we got here Mis-information Where we go from here How we got here (Moore’s Law) The first microprocessor (Intel 4004), 1971 2300 transistors 106 KHz The Pentium chip, 1992 3.1 million transistors 66 MHz Today more than one billion transistors Frequencies in excess of 5 GHz Tomorrow ? How have we used the available transistors? Intel Pentium M Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn, 2007 45nm, 3MB L2 Why Multi-core chips? In the beginning: a better and better uniprocessor improving performance on the hard problems …until it just got too hard Followed by: a uniprocessor with a bigger L2 cache forsaking further improvement on the “hard” problems poorly utilizing the chip area and blaming the processor for not delivering performance Today: dual core, quad core, octo core Tomorrow: ??? Why Multi-core chips? It is easier than designing a much better uni-core It was embarrassing to continue making L2 bigger It was the next obvious step So, What’s the Point Yes, Multi-core is a reality No, it wasn’t a technological solution to performance improvement Ergo, we do not have to accept it as is i.e., we can get it right the second time, and that means: What goes on the chip What are the interfaces Outline Multi-core: how we got here Mis-information, or more accurately: Multi-nonsense Where do we go from here Multi-nonsense Multi-core was a solution to a performance pr