The Shaft Grave Period and the Rise of the Mycenaeans轴严重时期的迈锡尼文明的崛起.pptVIP

The Shaft Grave Period and the Rise of the Mycenaeans BA Chronology Crete Minoan (Minos - mythical king) Cyclades Cycladic (Aegean island chain) Mainland Helladic (Hellas = Greece) Early EBA EM EC EH (3100-2000) Middle MBA MM MC MH (2000-1650) Late LBA LM LC LH (1650-1050) MH Burial Types Pithos (jar) burial Built Grave or Warrior Grave (Kollonna, Aegina; Thebes) Pit Burial Cist Grave Intramural or Extramural Cist Grave Most Common MH Burial Practice Single Burials Fetal Position Return to mother earth? No, smaller hole! Mycenae Grave Circle A “Mycenae Rich in Gold” Schliemann Shaft Grave: Grave Circle A Shaft Grave Ware: Mainland Polychrome Shaft GraveStructure enlarged cist grave entered from above through a shaft several feet deep dug from the contemporary ground surface Inside the Shaft Grave Extended body Multiple burials over time possible Older Remains pushed to side Marking the Grave Slabs, waterproof clay cover Shaft filled Rectangular border of stones may mark spot Stele (1st large-scale relief sculptures on Greek Mainland) Shaft Grave Sites Mycenae (Intact) Lerna (robbed out) Ayios Stephanos, Lakonia (bare bones) Argos Lavish Grave Goods Rhyton, Rhyta The Dead Bigger, sturdier than earlier MH corpses or contemporary burials in other sorts of graves Why bigger? Big Eaters or Big Invaders? Better nutrition for elite group? Different racial group? Who are they? Mycenae: Grave Circles A B Grave Circle B Earlier than Grave Circle A John Papademetriou Greek Archaeological Society 14 Shaft Graves out of 24 tombs Grave Circle Origins MH Tumulus at Vrana Plural Tumuli The Shaft Graves and Myth 2 Heroic Periods a) Late MH to LHI-II Shaft Grave period later b) LHIII Danaos the Shaft Grave Period Trojan War LHIII FAMILY TREE OF DANAOS POSEIDON_____________LIBYA I ________I________ I I AGENOR BELUS ________I______ I I AEGYPTUS DANAO