Variables Research Designs变量与研究设计.pptVIP

Research Designs Review of a few things Demonstrations vs. Comparisons Experimental Non-Experimental Designs “IVs” and “DVs” Between Group vs. Within-Group Designs Reviewing a few things… Kinds of bivariate research hypotheses (and evidence to support) Kinds of Validity Two ways we “show” our studies have the validity we hope for... Associative research hypothesis Measurement Validity Statistical Conclusion Validity External Validity Internal Validity replication (same study) convergence (variations) show a statistical relationship between the variables Causal research hypothesis temporal precedence statistical relationship between the variables no alternative explanation of the relationship - no confounds Reviewing a few more things… What kind of validity relates to the “generalizability” of the results? What are the components of this type of validity? What validity relates to the “causal interpretability” of the results? What are the components of this type of validity what type of variable is each involved with ? External Validity Population Setting Task/Stimulus Social/Temporal Internal Validity Initial Equivalence -- subject or measured variables Ongoing Equivalence -- procedural or manipulated variables What are the three types of variable at the beginning of a study??? Causal variable Effect Variable Potential Confounds What are the five “types” at the end of the study??? Tell which are “good” and which are “bad” when testing causal RH: Causal variable Effect Variable Confound Variable Control Variable Constant To test a causal research hypothesis, a design must provide: manipulation of the causal variable measurement of the effect variable elimination of confounds/alternative hypotheses (I.e., everything that isn’t the causal or effect variable is either a constant or is a control variable) For practice ... Study purpose: to compare two different ways