VIATO Visual Interactive Aircraft Trajectory Optimizationviato视听互动飞行器轨迹优化.pptVIP

Kai Virtanen, Tuomas Raivio and Raimo P. H鋗鋖鋓nen Systems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology Modeling Pilot Decision Making by an Influence Diagram Outline Background Why decision analytic models? Influence diagram A pilot decision making model Use of the model Conclusions Background Air combat simulators need a model that imitates pilot decision making Possible goals: 1. Avoid opponent抯 weapons 2. Achieve a firing position Predict opponent抯 state at t + Dt Relative geometry at t Alternatives Maneuver #1 Maneuver #2 : Maneuver #n Evaluate maneuvers Select the best Execute best maneuver during [t, t + Dt] t := t + Dt Existing systems: Knowledge based, computational techniques of AI TiGRES, Brawler: States are scored by a value function: How to handle uncertainties? Why decision analytic models? Distance x1 Angle off x2 : Velocity xn Value of distance v1(x1) Value of angle off v2(x2) : Value of velocity vn(xn) Total score v(x): Decision analysis Structural framework for modeling and analyzing uncertain decision problems Human preferences Risk attitude Multiple conflicting objectives ?Consequences of alternatives uncertain - What is best ? Available information Opponent抯 - position, attitude, velocity - performance - goals unknown Influence diagram (Howard et al. 1984) Directed acyclic graphs Describes the major factors of a decision problem Widely used in decision analytic application areas Decision Chance Deterministic Informational arc Conditional arc Conditional arc Alternatives available to DM Random variables Deterministic variables Time precedence Probabilistic or functional dependence Utility A utility function Conditional arc Influence diagram (continued) State of the world is described by attributes States are associated with: A utility A probability Utility is a commensurable measure for goodness of attr