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Ontologies Angela Maduko Acknowledgements Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology Borrowed slides from http://www.ifnet.it/elag2002/papers/pap9.ppt /home/kenb/pub/2003/02/public.ppt Outline Background on ontologies Ontology development Requirements and Analysis Design and Implementation Testing and Validation Maintenance What is an ontology? What is an Ontology? What general features can we draw from all of these definitions? A given field/domain of interest within the boundaries of which “things” are assumed to exist, to “be” and about which we wish to “talk” in a formalized, explicit, and semantically consistent way Ontologies Defines a common vocabulary for researchers who need to share information in a domain. It includes machine-interpretable definitions of basic concepts in the domain and relations among them. Ontologies Ontology: What exists in a domain and how they relate with each other. Formal ontology: Formal treatment of the concepts and relationships in a domain. Simple Example: Employees work for Companies Employees report to Employees Statements Purposes of Ontologies Basis for communication Between people (may be informal) Between agents (formal ontologies) Some Applications Representing and storing data (e.g., DB schema) Knowledge sharing within and between domains Search and retrieval Classification and organization of data resources Logic: Open versus Closed Open (monotonic) logic gives different answers to queries than a closed logic. Logic: Open versus Closed Outline Background on ontologies Ontology development Requirements and Analysis Design and Implementation Testing and Validation Maintenance Why Develop an Ontology To share common understanding of the structure of information among people or software agents To enable reuse of domain knowledge To make domain assumptions explicit To separate domain knowledge from the operational knowledge To analyze domain knowledge Ontology Development Phases of Ontology De