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BGP 102:Scaling the Network Avi Freedman Net Access Introduction BGP is relatively easy to get configured and basically announcing and using routes. It is difficult to scale to the tens-to-hundreds of routers scale with full iBGP mesh, AS-Path filters, and AS-Path padding as the only tools. We present Communities, Confederations, and local-pref use, and some other features, and show them used in context. Topics (1) Review basic BGP concepts Simple BGP Scaling concepts Inserting BGP Routes Stable Routing and Scaling w/ Loopbacks Save CPU and Typing w/ Peer-Groups Meaningful MEDs Topics (2) Scalable Advertisements with Communities Scalable Route-Selection with local-prefs iBGP Scaling Issues BGP Confederations BGP Scaling with Confederations Topics (3) Supporting Multi-Homed Customers Backup Transit Sample Network - Topology Sample Network - Design Goals Sample Network - Implementation Review Router Configuration BGP Concept Review BGP Intro BGP4 is the protocol used on the Internet to exchange routing information between providers, and to propagate external routing information through networks. Each autonomous network is called an Autonomous System. ASs which inject routing information on their own behalf have ASNs. BGP Peering BGP-speaking routers peer with each other over TCP sessions, and exchange routes through the peering sessions. Providers typically try to peer at multiple places. Either by peering with the same AS multiple times, or because some ASs are multi-homed, a typical network will have many candidate paths to a given prefix. The BGP Route The BGP route is, conceptually, a “promise” to carry data to a section of IP space. The route is a “bag” of attributes. The section of IP space is called the “prefix” attribute of the route. As a BGP route travels from AS to AS, the ASN of each AS is stamped on it when it leaves that AS. Called the AS_PATH attribute, or “as-path” in Cisco-speak. BGP Route Attributes In addition to the prefix, the as-path, an