Work Measurement Wiley Home工作测量威利家.pptVIP

Copyright 2006 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Work Measurement Beni AsllaniUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lecture Outline Time Studies Work Sampling Work Measurement Determining how long it takes to do a job Growing importance in service sector Services tend to be labor-intensive Service jobs are often repetitive Time studies Standard time is time required by an average worker to perform a job once incentive piece-rate wage system based on time study Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps Establish standard job method Break down job into elements Study job Rate worker’s performance (RF) Compute average time (t) Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps (cont.) Compute normal time Compute standard time Performing a Time Study Performing a Time Study (cont.) Performing a Time Study (cont.) Number of Cycles Number of Cycles: Example Elemental Times Files Elemental standard time files predetermined job element times Predetermined motion times (for micro-motions) Time measurement units TMUs = 0.0006 minute 100,000 TMU = 1 hour Advantages worker cooperation unnecessary workplace uninterrupted performance ratings unnecessary consistent. Disadvantages ignores job context may not reflect skills and abilities of local workers MTM Table for MOVE Work Sampling Determines the proportion of time a worker spends on activities Primary uses of work sampling are to determine ratio delay percentage of time a worker or machine is delayed or idle analyze jobs that have non-repetitive tasks Cheaper and easier approach to work measurement Steps of Work Sampling Define job activities Determine number of observations in work sample Steps of Work Sampling (cont.) Determine length of sampling period Conduct work sampling study, record observations Periodically re-compute number of observations Work Sampling: Example * * Operations Management - 5th Edition Chapter 8 Supplement Roberta Russell Bernard W. Taylor, III Normal Cycle Time = NT = ?Nt Normal Time = (Elemental average) x (rating factor)