Work Measurement California State University, 工作测量加利福尼亚州立大学.pptVIP

Outline Learning Objectives When you complete this supplement you should be able to: Learning Objectives When you complete this supplement you should be able to: Labor Standards and Work Measurement Meaningful Standards Help Determine Labor Standards Historical Experience Time Studies Time Studies Time Studies Time Studies Rest Allowances Rest Allowances Rest Allowances Rest Allowances Rest Allowances Time Study Example S1 Time Study Example S2 Time Study Example S2 Time Study Example S2 Determine Sample Size Determine Sample Size Determine Sample Size Time Study Example S3 Time Study Example S3 New Tools Predetermined Time Standards MTM Table MTM Example Work Sampling Work Sampling Work Sampling Work Sampling Work Sampling Work Sampling Example Work Sampling Example Work Sampling Time Studies Work Sampling Time Studies Advantages of work sampling Less expensive than time study Observers need little training Studies can be delayed or interrupted with little impact on results Worker has little chance to affect results Less intrusive Disadvantages of work sampling Does not divide work elements as completely as time study Can yield biased results if observer does not follow random pattern Less accurate, especially when job element times are short Take a preliminary sample to obtain estimates of parameter values Compute the sample size required Prepare a schedule for random observations at appropriate times Observe and record worker activities Determine how workers spend their time Determining the sample size n = z2 p(1 - p) h2 where n = required sample size z = standard normal deviate for desired confidence level p = estimated value of sample proportion h = acceptable error level in percent Wants employees idle 25% of the time Sample should be accurate within 3% Wants to have 95.45% confidence in the results n = z2 p(1 - p) h2 where n = required sample size z = 2 for a 95.45% confidence level p = estimate of idle proportion = 25% = .25 h = acceptable error of