双语［下册完整版).docVIP

1. ( The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The designer must have a good background in such fields as statics, dynamics, and strength of materials, and in addition, must be familiar with the fabricating materials and processes.) The designer must be able to assemble all the relevant facts and make calculations,sketches, and drawings to convey manufacturing information to the shop. Laboratory tests, models, and prototypes help considerably in machine design. A good designer reads technical periodicals constantly to keep abreast of new developments. (Important Considerations before Initiating Machine Design) (一台机械的设计全过程是很复杂的。设计师必须具备诸如静力学、动力学以及材料力学等领域的良好基础理论，此外，还应该熟悉所加工的材料及工艺方法。) 设计师必须能收集所有合适的论据及事实，能分析计算，画拟草图，绘制图纸，以便将生产制造所需的资料传递到车间。实验室试验、模型及样机皆对机械设计工作大有帮助。一名优秀的设计师，为了跟上新形势的发展，应经常地阅读技术期刊。 2. Prototyping Phase. A prototype is a model from which a product may ultimately be mass produced.Prototypes may be the same size as the final produce or they may be scaled down. The purpose of prototyping is to determine if the design is acceptable. Although prototype designing can be done with the computer using a CAD system, sometimes there is no substitute for an actual working model, especially if physical product testing is to be done. (Design Process) 样机阶段。样机是一个最终可以大批量生产的产品模型。样机可以与最终产品同等大小，也可以按比例缩小。制造样机的目的是确定设计是否可以实现。尽管样机设计可以通过使用CAD系统的计算机完成，但有时并不能代替实际模型，特别是如果要进行实物测试。 3. Design Review and Evaluation Phase: Test data from the prototype testing, or computer models if CAD is used, are carefully analyzed and evaluated. If there are problems, the design will be modified accordingly. This may involve further prototyping. Sketches and/or drawings used in the prototyping will be revised as needed. (Design Process) 设计校核与评估阶段:样机试验的试验数据，或者计算机模型(如果使用CAD系统)被仔细地分析和评估。如果有问题，设计将作相应的修改。这其中包括进一步的样机制作。样机制作中使用的草图和/或图纸将根据需要修改。 4. Typical manufacturing drawings are usually done in the standard orthographic format showing an object in any of several possible views. In addition