第十章简单句并列句复合句[整理版].docVIP

简单句 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。 The old man lives in this village .（一个主语+一个谓语） Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语) She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语) They are twins.（一个主语+连系动词+表语） She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语) 英语简单句五种基本句型 （一）:基本句型一: 主+系+表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound，hold, stay, stand（保持）等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义. 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. His face turned red. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 连系动词不用于被动语态（若用作行为动词除外）。 【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。 【误】The apple is tasted sweet. 作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词，否则句子不能成立。 下面句子中常采用形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 例如：I’m happy to meet you. They are willing to help you. We are determined to follow his example. 常见系动词采用it作形式主语的有如下： It seems that------（看来------） It appears that------（看来------） It appears/seems as if-----（看起来好像------） It turned out that------（原来------） （二）：基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等. 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 注意事项： 不接宾语，因此没有被动语态。 【正】 The music sounds sweet. 【误】The music is sounded sweet. 【正】 The pen belongs to you. 【误】The pen is belonged to you. 常见使用主动语态的动词有：blame, happen, take place, break out ,occur ,come about, belong to, keep long, lose heart等。 有一类词与easily ,well. smoothly连用来说明主语的性质，特点的词也常常看作是不及物动词。常见的有：sell, wash, write, clean, cook等词。 例如：The cloth washes easily/well. 这衣服很好洗。The books sell well. The pen writes well. 常见瞬间性动词采用it当形式主语的有如下： It so happened that------碰巧-----，说来也巧------ It occurred to me that------我突然想到------ It follows that------从而-----，于是乎-------，这样一来------ 【正】It suddenly occurred t