定语从句（柴绍杰）.doc

1定义编辑 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。　　　　关系代词引导的定语从句　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who, whom,?that　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：　　Is he the man who/that you want to see?　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2.Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：　　A prosperity?which / that?had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）　　The package?which / that?you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）　　关系副词引导的定语从句　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。.as用法： 1).as引导限制性定语从句 a.such....as He is not such a fool as he looks. I have never heard such a story as he tells. b.the same ....as This is the same book as I lost last week. (区分the same...as与the same....that：两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。举例：This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。) c.as...as As many children as came were given some cakes. 2).as引导非限制性定语从句 常用句式:as is said above 综上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 通常如此 as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的 . “which”在特殊从定法 （1）不用that的情况 （a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。 （b）介词后能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. when, where, why　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例 如：　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.?北京是我的出生地。　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 判断关系代词与关系副词　　　　方法： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先