上海交通大学《机体防御与免疫》21.移植免疫.pptVIP

AIDS病的病因与免疫学主要发病机制 （HIV、传播途径、受体与辅助受体、CD4+T细胞、免疫逃逸、免疫诊断） * 移植免疫 Transplantation immunology 一. 基本概念 移植transplantation 器官organ 组织tissue 细胞cell 自体移植autologous 同系移植syngeneic 同种异体移植allogeneic 异种移植xenogeneic 同卵双生子、近交系动物 Monozygotic twins, Inbred animal 人human 人 猪pig 人human 不排斥accept 排斥reject 二. 同种异体移植排斥的机制immunologic basis of allograft rejection 本质是对同种异型抗原的免疫应答immune response to alloantigens on the graft 宿主抗移植物反应 移植物抗宿主反应 Host versus graft reaction , HVGR Graft versus host reaction , GVHR 靶抗原target antigen 识别机制recognition pathway 1. 靶抗原target antigen 主要组织相容性抗原 MHC antigen 次要组织相容性抗原 mH antigen Major histocompatibility complex Minor histocompatibility antigen 引起快而强烈的排斥反应 strong and rapid rejection reaction 引起的排斥反应一般较弱 weaker and later 如 HA-1?HA-5 受者T细胞对供者MHC分子的识别方式 two pathways of allorecognition to donor MHC molecules 直接识别 direct allorecognition 间接识别 indirect allorecognition 受者T细胞识别供者细胞表面的供者MHC分子 recipient T cells directly recognize donor MHC molecules on donor cells 引起的排斥反应快而强，是早期急性排斥的主要机制 Induces strong and rapid rejection reaction, dominates the early phase of acute rejection 2. 受者T细胞对供者MHC分子的识别方式 直接识别 direct allorecognition 间接识别 indirect allorecognition 供者MHC分子由受者APC摄取、加工后由受者MHC分子所提呈Recipient T cells recognize foreign peptides from the graft, bound and presented by self-MHC molecules of recipient APCs. （脱落的MHC分子或脱落的细胞） 引起的排斥反应较晚一些Induces later forms of rejection mH和其它抗原亦是此种方式识别 T APC APC T 供者APC 受者APC 任意肽 供者MHC分子的片段 直接识别 间接识别 受者T Direct and indirect alloantigen recognition 直接识别的机制 mechanism of direct allorecognition This is most probably due to TCR cross reactivity. T cells with TCRs which recognize a self-MHC molecule “A” with peptide “x”, may also recognize an allo-MHC molecule “B” with peptide “y”. TCR recognize pMHC MHC的某些aa残基amino acid residue from MHC molecule 抗原肽的aa残基amino acid residue from peptide 自身MHC分子 病毒抗原肽Y 同种MHC分子 自身抗原肽X TCR对同种MHC分子间交叉识别 三.同种异基因移植排斥反应的类型及效应机制 Allograft rejection types and mechanism 超急性排斥反应 hyperacute rejection