pestriskanalysis(pra)training.docVIP

PEST RISK ANALYSIS (PRA) TRAINING Participant Manual Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copyright All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Communication Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to copyright@ ? FAO 2007 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv FOREWORD v 1. The International Plant Protection Convention 1 1.1 National Plant Protection Organizations 3 1.2 Regional Plant Protection Organizations 3 1.3 World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measures 4 1.4 Primary Phytosanitary Principles 5 1.5 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures 6 1.5.1 How ISPMs Are Set 6 1.5.2 ISPMs Specifically Related to Pest Risk Analysis 6 1.5.3 Other ISPMs Applicable to PRA 7 1.5.4 National Application of ISPMs 8 2. Pest Risk Analysis – An Overview 9 2.1 Risk 12 2.1.1 Probability 12 2.1.2 Impacts 13 2.2 Purpose of Pest Risk Analysis 13 2.3 Pest-initiated vs. Pathway-initiated PRAs 13 2.4 Communication 14 2.5 Information Gathering 16 2.5.1 Sources of Information 17 Pest records 18 Pest reports 18 2.6