povertyandincomeinequalityinchina.docVIP

Poverty and Income Inequality in China Urban-rural Income Disparity and Migration in an Era of Economic Reform A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2006 Jiandong Chen Manchester Business School  Table of Contents List of Tables 5 List of Figures 7 List of Appendixes 8 Abstract 9 Declaration 10 Copyright 11 Abbreviations 12 Glossary of Terms in Chinese 14 Acknowledgements 15 The Author 17 PART 1: INTRODUCTION 18 1 Study Background 19 2 Lewis Dual-sector Model and Chinese Reality 28 3 Research Questions and Related Methods 32 4 Main Contributions of the Thesis 38 5 Organisation of the Thesis 40 PART 2: THEORETICAL SOURCES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY 43 Chapter 1: Lewis’ Dual-sector Model and Chinese Reality 43 1.1 Lewis’ Dual-sector Model 43 1.2 The Dual-sector Model and Income Distribution 48 1.3 Chinese Reality and the Dual-sector Model 52 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Research Questions 54 Chapter 3: Research Methods and Data Sources 69 3.1 Quantitative Approach and Case Study 69 3.2 Information Sources 78 Chapter 4: Different Measures of Income Inequality, the Gini Ratio and its Decomposition 84 4.1 Different Measures of Income Inequality 84 4.2 The Gini Coefficient 87 4.3 A New Approach to Recalculate the Chinese Gini Coefficient 92 4.4 The Advantages of the New Approach 99 PART 3: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 101 Chapter 5: Income Inequality 1978 to 2004 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Different Estimations of the Chinese Gini Ratio 102 5.3 A New Approach to Re-calculate the Chinese Gini Coefficient from 1978 to 2004 108 5.4 Determining Which Factors Dominate the Chinese Gini Ratios 111 5.5 How Does Urban/rural Income Inequality Change in a Dual Economy? 118 5.5.1 A New Approach to Exploring the Urban/rural Income Inequality 118 5.5.2 Unbalanced Economic Development and Urban-rural Income Disparity 126 5.6 Chinese Income Dispar