数据库原理7.pptVIP

Types in ODL Type system Basic types Primitive types: integer, float, character, string, boolean, enumeration Class names Structured types using type constructors Collection types: SetT, BagT, ListT, ArrayT,i, DictionaryKeyType,RangeType Structures: Struct N {T1 F1, … , Tn Fn} Type Rules in ODL Type of an attribute 1. Primitive 2. Apply structure or collection to 1,2 Type of a relationship 1. Class 2. Collection of 1. Superclass-Subclass Hierarchy superclass -- subclass C C C1 C2 D1 D2 D D E Example: Keys class Student (key sno) { … Student number class Teacher (key tno,ID) {… Teacher number and ID are both keys class Classes (key (school,number),(number,tno)){… School name + class number, or teacher number + class number, are keys for all the classes of all schools. ODL to Relations General rules class relation attributes attributes relationship connecting relation objects tuples Class to Relation: primitive type Classes with only primitive type attributes Like ES in E/R or UML class May need to add an artificial key! (for OID) Example class Person { attribute string name; attribute string address; } Person(name,address) Class to Relation: Struct Struct of primitive type fields expand the structure, each field to an attribute eg. class R { ... attribute Struct S { T1 F1, T2 F2, T3 F3} a; … }; R( … F1 , F2 , F3 ,… ) T1, T2, T3 are atomic Field name conflicts of two Structs: renaming Class to Relation: Set attribute Sets 1. One tuple for each value in the set. eg. Each employee has multiple phone numbers empNo name addr phone 001 zhao abcd 1234 001 zhao abcd 5678 Redundancy What if he has also multiple addresses? BCNF/4NF violations