2015北京工业大学细胞生物学(4章)试卷.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * A typical single-pass transmembrane protein. Note that the polypeptide chain traverses the lipid bilayer as a right-handed a helix and that the oligosaccharide chains and disulfide bonds are all on the noncytosolic surface of the membrane. Disulfide bonds do not form between the sulfhydryl groups in the cytoplasmic domain of the protein because the reducing environment in the cytosol maintains these groups in their reduced (-SH) form. G-protein Porin (2). Identification of transmembrane domains can be predicted from the amino acid sequence using a hydropathy plot. （3)、膜蛋白的分子运动 侧向扩散和旋转扩散两种运动方式。 第三节、细胞膜的基本特征与功能 A. Dynamic nature of cell membrane B. The asymmetry of cell membranes —The foundation of membrane function 一．细胞膜基本特征 二．细胞膜的功能 A. Dynamic nature of cell membrane Fluidity of membrane lipid. It give membranes the ability to fuse, form networks, and separate charge; The lateral diffusion of membrane lipids can demonstrated experimentally by a technique called Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 一．细胞膜基本特征 The mobility of membrane proteins can be shown experimentally by the mixing of membrane proteins that occurs when two cells are tagged with different fluorescent labels and then induced to fuse. Motility of membrane protein. Antibody-induced patching and capping of a cell-surface protein on a white blood cell. The bivalent antibodies cross-link the protein molecules to which they bind. This causes them to cluster into large patches, which are actively swept to the tail end of the cell to form a cap. The centrosome, which governs the head-tail polarity of the cell, is shown in orange. 成斑,成帽 现象 质膜的流动性是保证其正常功能的必要条件。例如跨膜物质运输、细胞信息传递、细胞识别、细胞免疫、细胞分化以及激素的作用等等都与膜的流动性密切相关。当膜的流动性低于一定的阈值时，许多酶的活动和跨膜运输将停止，反之如果流动性过高，又会造成膜的溶解。 膜流动性的意义 B. The asymmetry of cell membranes —The foundation of membrane function The asymmetry of membrane lipids : The inner and outer membrane leaflets were shown to have different lipid comp