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Applications in radiation therapy of a scintillating screen viewed by a CCD camera.pdf

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Applications in radiation therapy of a scintillating screen viewed by a CCD camera.pdf

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 477 (2002) 480–485 Applications in radiation therapy of a scintillating screen viewed by a CCD camera J.M. Schippers*, S.N. Boon, P. van Luijk Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI), Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract A two-dimensional (2D) dosimetry system has been designed for position-sensitive dose-measurement applications in modern radiation therapy. The system consists of a scintillating screen (Gd2O2S : Tb), observed by a low-noise CCD camera with a long integration time. The system allows reliable and accurate simultaneous 2D imaging of therapeutic dose distributions in the scintillator with sub millimeter spatial resolution. This system has been applied successfully at di?erent applications in radiation therapy. Results of dose measurements in a treatment modality using a scanning proton beam are reported. It is shown that a quick and reliable measurement can be done. The screen+CCD system has proven to perform accurate dosimetry in applications where beams with a small (1–5 mm) diameter are used and where absolute dosimetry by means of standard ionization chambers is not possible due to their relatively large size. For the routine measurements of the alignment of therapeutic beams with respect to the tumor position, the system detects beam misalignments with an accuracy of 0.05 mm, which is more than su?cient to detect the maximum allowed misalignments in radiation therapy. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 87.56.àv; 87.56.Fc; 87.53.Qc; 87.53.Tf; 29.40.Mc Keywords: Radiation-therapy instruments; Scintillating screen; CCD; Dosimetry; Quality control; Position-sensitive detector 1. Introduction In modern radiation therapy it has become of utmost importance to obtain detailed 3-dimensional (3D) information of the dose distribution in a patient. Novel techniques and radiation types [1] have improved the con?nement of the radiation dose to the tumor volume (this