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EEG alpha dynamics as viewed from EEG dimension dynamics.pdf
International Journal of Psychophysiology 26 ?1997. 273?283
EEG alpha dynamics as viewed from EEG dimension dynamics
W. Lutzenberger
Uni?ersity of Tu¨bingen, Inst. fur Med′?zinische Psychologie, Gartenstr. 29, 72074 Tu¨bingen, Germany
Abstract
EEG alpha power covaries with changes in visual input and with changes in other aspects of cortical processing. We present an synopsis of three experiments that demonstrate these effects. A concurrent analysis of the EEG dimension indicates that the dynamics of EEG alpha may result from at least two different mechanisms. ? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Keywords: EEG; Non-linear analysis; Dimension; Chaos; Alpha power
1. EEG alpha
In visual inspections of the EEG we can see the alpha rhythm as spontaneous, near sinusoidal activity in the frequency range of 8?12 Hz. It shows a parieto?occipital predominance in subjects who are awake but relaxed ?Niedermeyer and Lopes da Silva, 1982.. Mental activities or the opening of the eyes reduce this rhythm often to an extent that from visual inspection we can speak of an alpha- blocking.
Quantitative analysis is most often based on the measurement of the power of the EEG in the alpha range. This approach shows that changes in EEG alpha are not necessarily all or none phenomena. Even conditions with eyes open can induce different amounts of alpha power depending on the given task. Examples are presented by Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1977 or by Ray and
Cole, 1985. Both visual inspection and power analysis cannot give answers to the question whether the changes in alpha activity observed by the eyes open ? eyes closed procedure represent the same basic mechanism as the changes observed during different mental activities. An analysis of the EEG with methods that became popular with the application of non-linear dynamics to physiological time series ?see Basar, 1990. can give additional information.
2. EEG and non-linear dynamics
A recent review ?Elbert et al., 1994. summarized the methodologica
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