Effect of grain size on the electrical failure of copper contacts in fretting motion.pdfVIP

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Effect of grain size on the electrical failure of copper contacts in fretting motion.pdf

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Effect of grain size on the electrical failure of copper contacts in fretting motion.pdf

Tribology International 111 (2017) 39–45 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tribology International journal homepage: /locate/triboint E?ect of grain size on the electrical failure of copper contacts in fretting motion H.J. Noh, J.W. Kim, S.M. Lee, H. Jang? Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea MARK ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Grain size Fretting wear Fretting corrosion Electrical contacts ABSTRACT The in?uence of grain size on degradation of electrical contacts during fretting wear was investigated. Copper polycrystals with grain sizes of 2–162 μm were used to examine friction, wear, and electrical contact resistance. The results showed that the electrical contact failure was caused by the compact oxide layer produced at the contact junction. Copper specimens with smaller grains had a longer lifecycle because of grain-size strengthening. However, this strengthening e?ect was limited to a critical grain size and, with further increase in grain size, plastic deformation underneath the contact surface played a major role in delaying the contact failure caused by oxide formation on the fretting surface. 1. Introduction The premature failure of sliding contacts because of the frictioninduced wear of materials has been a crucial problem in switches and connectors used as electrical components [1,2]. In particular, electrical devices in automobiles often fail earlier than other devices because of malfunctioning electrical contacts as they are exposed to vibration and a wide range of environmental conditions [3]. These contact conditions induce fretting wear, and fretting corrosion at the contact junction is considered an important trigger for electrical contact failure [4,5], because fretting corrosion disrupts the transmission of electrical signals by producing insulating layers at the contact [6–9]. Unlike in the case of electrical contacts in static devices, the wear in electrical contacts in automobiles is often