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Multi-task and multi-view learning of user state.pdf

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Multi-task and multi-view learning of user state.pdf

Neurocomputing 139 (2014) 97–106 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neurocomputing journal homepage: /locate/neucom Multi-task and multi-view learning of user state Melih Kandemir a,n, Akos Vetek b, Mehmet G?nen c, Arto Klami d, Samuel Kaski d,e,nn a Heidelberg University, HCI, Speyerer Str. 6, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany b Nokia Research Center Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland c Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA d Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland e Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15400, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland article info Article history: Received 30 September 2013 Received in revised form 28 January 2014 Accepted 21 February 2014 Communicated by Christos Dimitrakakis Available online 18 April 2014 Keywords: Affect recognition Machine learning Multi-task learning Multi-view learning abstract Several computational approaches have been proposed for inferring the affective state of the user, motivated for example by the goal of building improved interfaces that can adapt to the users needs and internal state. While fairly good results have been obtained for inferring the user state under highly controlled conditions, a considerable amount of work remains to be done for learning high-quality estimates of subjective evaluations of the state in more natural conditions. In this work, we discuss how two recent machine learning concepts, multi-view learning and multi-task learning, can be adapted for user state recognition, and demonstrate them on two data collections of varying quality. Multi-view learning enables combining multiple measurement sensors in a justi?ed way while automatically learning the importance of each sensor. Multi-task learning, in turn, tells how multiple learning tasks can be learned together to improve the accuracy. We demonstrate the use of two types of multi-task learning