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On weak and strong contact force networks in granular materials.pdf

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On weak and strong contact force networks in granular materials.pdf

International Journal of Solids and Structures 92–93 (2016) 135–140 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Solids and Structures journal homepage: /locate/ijsolstr On weak and strong contact force networks in granular materials N.P. Kruyt? Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands article info Article history: Received 8 October 2015 Revised 28 January 2016 Available online 9 May 2016 Keywords: Granular materials Micromechanics Stress transmission Contact force networks abstract In an in?uential study on the micromechanical origin of stress transmission in granular materials, Radja? et al. (1998) have proposed a division of the network of interparticle contacts into ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ contacts. This division is based on a comparison of the force at contacts with the average (over all contacts) force. They observed, from the results of a two-dimensional computer simulation of the behaviour of a system of particles, that the shear stress of the granular material is mainly carried by the strong contacts and that the anisotropy in the orientational distribution of the weak contacts is in the direction perpendicular to that of the full contact network. These ?ndings are analytically predicted here in a qualitative sense, within a statistical framework that is based on a simple, self-similar expression for the conditional probability function for the normal force at contacts with given contact orientation. An alternative de?nition of weak and strong contacts is proposed here, in which the division of the contacts is based on a comparison of the force at contacts with the average force corresponding to the contact orientation. Contrary to the ?nding based on the de?nition of weak and strong contacts by Radja? et al. (1998), with this alternative de?nition the pressure and the shear stress are (almost) equally carried by the weak contact network. ? 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights re