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The density of social networks moderates effects of intergroup contact.pdf
International Journal of Intercultural Relations 55 (2016) 133–147
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Intercultural Relations
journal homepage: /locate/ijintrel
The density of social networks moderates effects of intergroup contact
Tobias H. Stark
Utrecht University/ICS, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
article info
Article history: Received 5 February 2016 Received in revised form 7 October 2016 Accepted 8 October 2016 Available online 31 October 2016
Keywords: Intergroup contact Social networks Prejudice Network density
abstract
This study tests how the density of the social network in which intergroup contact takes place might affect the extent to which contact improves intergroup attitudes. Having contact with more outgroup members in dense social networks, in which everybody knows each other, may reinforce contact’s positive effect. In this case, outgroup contact is shared with ingroup members, which suggests positive ingroup norms toward the outgroup. Alternatively, more contact in denser networks may improve intergroup attitudes less because density may increase subtyping or reduce the salience of ethnic group memberships. These competing hypotheses are tested among white American adults in a nonprobability online sample (N = 305) and in a representative national sample (N = 1270). In both studies, contact is associated with more positive attitudes toward racial outgroups but the positive contact effect is weakened if that contact takes place in a denser social network.
? 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Research on Allport’s (1954) contact theory has repeatedly shown that having contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups (outgroups) reduces prejudice (Pettigrew Tropp, 2006; Pettigrew, Tropp, Wagner, Christ, 2011; Swart, Hewstone, Christ, Voci, 2011). Many of these previous studies determined the amount of intergroup contact a person had by counting up the number of outgroup me
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