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Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings A closer look at perceived complexity.pdf

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Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings A closer look at perceived complexity.pdf

Urban Forestry Urban Greening 20 (2016) 397–401 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Urban Forestry Urban Greening journal homepage: /locate/ufug Short communication Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings: A closer look at perceived complexity Agnes E. Van den Berg a,?, Yannick Joye b, Sander L. Koole c a Department of Cultural Geography, University of Groningen, The Netherlands b Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, The Netherlands c Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands article info Article history: Received 20 October 2015 Received in revised form 5 October 2016 Accepted 23 October 2016 Available online 26 October 2016 Keywords: Fractal geometry Green space Landscape preferences Viewing time abstract The present paper addresses the question which visual features trigger people’s often more positive affective responses to natural compared to built scenes. Building on notions about visual complexity and fractal geometry, we propose that perceived complexity of magni?ed scene parts can predict the greater fascinating and restorative qualities of natural versus built scenes. This prediction was tested in an experiment in which 40 participants viewed and rated 40 images of unspectacular natural and built scenes in their original size, and at 400% and 1600% magni?cation levels. Results showed that the original, unmagni?ed natural scenes were viewed longer and rated more restorative than built scenes, and that these differences were statistically mediated by the greater perceived complexity of magni?ed parts of natural scenes. These ?ndings ?t with the idea that fractal-like, recursive complexity is an important visual cue underlying the restorative potential of natural and built environments. ? 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Research has consistently shown that interacting with natural environments can improve mood and attention, reduce stress lev