FROGtalk(频率分辨光学开关法)答案.ppt

Autocorrelation and related techniques yield little information about the pulse. 10-fs spectra and autocorrs FROG distinguishes between the theories. SHG FROG Measurements of a 4.5-fs Pulse! Measurement of Ultrabroadband Continuum Can we simplify FROG? Really Testing GRENOUILLE Because ultraweak ultrashort pulses are almost always created by much stronger pulses, a stronger reference pulse is always available. Use Spectral Interferometry This involves no nonlinearity! ... and only one delay! E unk E ref t Spectrometer Camera 1/t frequency FROG + SI = TADPOLE (Temporal Analysis by Dispersing a Pair Of Light E-fields) Froehly, et al., J. Opt. (Paris) 4, 183 (1973) Lepetit, et al., JOSA B, 12, 2467 (1995) C. Dorrer, JOSA B, 16, 1160 (1999) Fittinghoff, et al., Opt. Lett., 21, 884 (1996). Measuring Ultraweak Ultrashort Light Pulses 1 microjoule = 10 – 6 J 1 nanojoule = 10 – 9 J 1 picojoule = 10 – 12 J 1 femtojoule = 10 – 15 J 1 attojoule = 10 – 18 J with as little energy as: 10 TADPOLE can measure pulses 1 zeptojoule = – 21 J A pulse train containing only 42 zepto- joules (42 x 10-21 J) per pulse has been measured. That’s one photon every five pulses! Fittinghoff, et al., Opt. Lett. 21, 884 (1996). Sensitivity of Spectral Interferometry (TADPOLE) POLLIWOG (POLarization-Labeled Interference vs. Wavelength for Only a Glint*) * Glint = “a very weak, very short pulse of light” Unpolarized light doesn’t exist… Measurement of the variation of the polarization state of the emission from a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well when heavy-hole and light-hole excitons are excited elucidates the physics of these devices. Evolution of the polarization of the emission: A. L. Smirl, et al., Optics Letters, Vol. 23, No. 14 (1998) Application of POLLIWOG Excitation-laser spectrum and hh and lh exciton spectra time (fs) 2 alignment q parameters q (q, f) q SHG crystal Pulse to be measured Variable delay Camera Spec- trom- e