细胞膜与细胞表面幻灯片.pptVIP

透明质酸-蛋白聚糖与胶原纤维连接在细胞外基质中形成纤维网络 2. 蛋白聚糖（Proteoglcan） 蛋白聚糖 透明质酸-蛋白聚糖复合物 蛋白聚糖是由糖胺聚糖以共价的形式同线性多肽连接而成的多糖和蛋白复合物，其含糖量可达90-95%。 透明质酸同糖胺聚糖和核心蛋白组成软骨组织的蛋白聚糖复合物，称为透明质酸-蛋白聚糖复合物。在这种复合物中，透明质酸作为一个长轴，将蛋白聚糖连接在一起，形成更大的更复杂的蛋白聚糖，使细胞外基质具有更大的抗压性。 二、结构蛋白 胶原蛋白 弹性蛋白 1、胶原（Collagen） 基本特性： Collagen is a family of fibrous glycoproteins that are present only in extracellular matrices. Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals, constituting 25% of the total protein mass in these animals, as a major components of skin and bone. Collagens are found throughout the animal kingdom and are noted for their high tensile strength(抗张强度)，that is, their resistance to pulling forces. It is estimated that a collagen fiber 1mm in diameter is capable of suspending a weight of 10kg without breaking. Structural features The primary feature of a typical collagen molecule is its long, stiff, triple-stranded helical structure, in which three collagen polypeptide chains, called αchains, are wound around one another in a ropelike superhelix. Structural features About 25 distinct collagen αchains have been identified, each encoded by a separate gene. Different combinations of these genes are expressed in different tissues. Only about 20 types of collagen molecules have been found. ？ The triple helix domains of the collagens consist of repeats of the amino acid sequence Gly-X-Y. Proline is frequently found in the X position and hydroxyproline in the Y position. 胶原的分子结构 胶原分子由 三条α螺旋 链组成。胶 原分子的长 度为300nm Cross-links formed between modified lysine side chains within a collagen fibril First, certain lysines and hydroxylysines are deaminated by the extracellular enzyme lysyl oxidase to yield highly reactive aldehyde groups(活性醛基). The aldehydes then react spontaneously to form covalent bonds with each other or with other lysines or hydroxylysines. 胶原的合成、加工、装配与运输 胶原的组装 胶原的作用 胶原是骨、腱和皮肤组织中的主要蛋白，在这些组织中的细胞外基质中，胶原起着细胞外基质骨架作用。 具有促进细胞生长的作用。 在细