lesson17-ch8_castiron-v4-分解.ppt

Cast Irons 常用铸铁材料 铸铁的组织和分类Types of Cast Iron 影响石墨化的因素 影响石墨化的因素 Grey Cast Iron (Flake Graphite) Grey Cast Iron (Flake Graphite) 灰口铸铁 Gray Cast Iron Cooled slowly Alloy of carbon, iron and silicon Seven grades available Advantages excellent casting properties good wear resistance good machinability can be surface hardened 灰口铸铁的牌号 灰口铸铁的热处理 可锻铸铁 可锻铸铁腐蚀前石墨形态 Malleable iron 球墨铸铁 球墨铸铁的热处理 蠕墨铸铁 White Cast Iron Cooled quickly no graphite formation formation of cementite white appearance Malleable irons created from white irons special heat treatment Three types of malleable cast irons Whiteheart Blackheart Pearlitic Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Nodular iron Heat Treated Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Austempered Ductile Cast Iron Austempered Ductile Cast Iron Blackheart Cast Iron Wear-Resistant High-Chromium Cast Iron Cast Irons - Microstructures （2）正火——增加基体中珠光体的数量，细化基体组织，提高强度和耐磨性。 完全奥氏体化，采用高温正火； 不完全奥氏体化，采用低温正火。 注：正火后要进行去应力退火。（正火后有较大内应力） （3）调质——获得较高的综合力学性能。 （4）等温淬火——很高的强度，良好的塑性和韧性。 这种工艺适合于综合力学性能要求高且外形又较为复杂、热处理易变形与开裂的零件，如：齿轮、凸轮轴。 蠕虫状石墨性能介于片状和球状石墨之间。 蠕墨铸铁的热处理 铸态时，基体中具有大量的铁素体，通过正火可增加珠光体，提高强度和耐磨性。为消除自由渗碳体或提高塑性，可以通过退火获得85％以上铁素体基体的蠕墨铸铁。 五、特殊性能铸铁 1、耐磨铸铁： 高磷——磷共晶；急冷——白口；珠光体灰口 2、耐热铸铁： Al、Si、Cr——氧化膜；单相F化；球墨 3、耐蚀铸铁： Si、Cr、Al、Mo、Cu、Ni——氧化膜，提高基体电位 White cast iron prior to heat treatment Ferritic malleable iron with graphite nodules and small MnS inclusions in a ferrite matrix Ferritic malleable iron Pearlitic malleable iron drawn to produce a tempered martensite matrix Pearlitic malleable iron Annealed ductile iron with a ferrite matrix Annealed ductile iron As-cast ductile iron with a matrix of ferrite (white) and pearlite As-cast ductile iron Normalized ductile iron with a pearlite matrix Normalized ductile iron Typical properties of cast irons When cast white on exterior and grey on interior. Problems when machining Mg sometimes added for strength 1 –2 % Si may be added for strength C is go