2017届高考英语语法 专题09 非谓语动词（知识精讲）牛津译林版.docVIP

专题09非谓语动词 知识精讲 一、基本知识 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词 在解非谓语习题时我们遇到最大的困难之一就是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此我们要特别注意分析句子的结构。记住：谓语动词只能作谓语非谓语动词除谓语之外的任何成分(见)。 例1(2016年高考英语新课标卷IBut my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter___66___(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ___67___(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 【解析】I)系(was)表(the first Western TV reporter)的结构，成分全，所以填permitted=who was permitted作reporter的定语。联系上文这儿所说的意思是：在20世纪80年代被允许拍摄熊猫第一西方电视记者introducing是比较明显的，因为是用来作include的宾语的。 例2_______ for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A. Being ill staying in hospital B. Having been ill staying in hospital C. He was ill staying in hospital D. To be ill staying in hospital 【答案与解析】C。句意：他生病住院很长时间了，但是他尽自己最大的努力补他错过的。 2.非谓语动词的语法功能 非谓语动词分为三种形式不定式， 表语 宾语 宾语(主语)补足语 定语 插入语(独立成分) V-ing形式 现在分词 / ● ● ● ● 动名词 ● ● ● / ● / 不定式(to do) ● ● ● ● ● ● 过去分词(done) / ● ● ● ● 注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention(更不用说)，enerally / frankly / roughly speaking (一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说) 非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语 构成 时态 语态 复合结构否定式 主动 被动 不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been oing / 动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 在前加not (一)非谓语作主语、宾语的重点 1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语 The two girls are so alike that strangers find _______ difficult to tell one from the other.