英语句子成分讲解及练习—学生.docVIP

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 一、英语句子成分定义及例子 1、主语（Subject--S）: 句子说明的人或事物，放在动词的前面。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing.（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.（动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2、谓语（Predicate—V）： 说明主语的动作、性质、特征和状态。动词做谓语，一是实义动词，或称行为动词，如run，swim，write等；一是系动词，如be，look，seem，get等。 We study English. He is asleep. （常见的系动词有 be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, stay（保持）, keep（保持）,feel（感觉）,get(变得), turn（变得）等。 Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 3、表语（Predicative--P）： 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词） It’s you that broke the window. （代词） I’m ten. （数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语) My watch is gone/ missing/ lost.（形容词化的分词） To see is to believe.（不定式） The question is whether they will come.（表语从句） 4、宾语(Object--O)： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you need？ We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor（形容词表一类人）. I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said.（宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. Please look at the blackboard.(不及物动词必须在介词的帮助下才能接宾语) 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人indirect object--ID）和直宾（指物direct object--DO） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 4、宾补（Object Complement--OC）：全称为宾语补足语，放在宾语后面, 补充说明宾语的动作、性质、特征和状态。 We elected him monitor.（名词） We all