H102ReactionEX.doc;2008106正向力的反作用力补充例题102-1A.docVIP

正向力的反作用力 補充例題102-1 A block of mass m is placed on a wedge of mass M that is on a horizontal table. All surfaces are frictionless. Find the acceleration of the wedge. Solution: We know that the block will slide down the incline, but the contact force on the wedge due to the block will cause the wedge to accelerate horizontally. The direction of the block’s acceleration relative to the table is not known. The choice of an appropriate inertial coordinate system is not obvious. We may choose an inertial coordinate system with axes along and perpendicular to the incline and resolve the acceleration alone these axes. We may also introduce the acceleration of the block relative to the incline and combine this with the acceleration of the wedge to obtain the block’s acceleration relative to the table. We illustrate this approach. In Fig 102-1(a), A is the acceleration of the wedge relative to the table (an inertial frame), whereas a’ is the block’s acceleration relative to the wedge. An observer moving with the wedge will see the block accelerate downward at θ below the horizontal. An observer on the table will assign horizontal and vertical components to the block’s acceleration given by ax = A – a’cosθ and ay = – a’sinθ. From the free-body diagrams of Fig 102-1(b) and (c) we find. Wedge (i) Block (ii) (iii) Adding (i) and (ii) eliminates N1 and leads to (iv) Multiply (ii) by cosθ and (iii) by sinθ and add, to eliminate N1 again: (v) By eliminating a’ from (iv) and (v) we find (go through the steps yourself) Are the dimensions of this equation correct? What happens to A when θ is either close to zero or close to 90°? What if we had found M, rather than m, in the numerator? Fig.102-1 (a) The acceleration of the wedge relative to the table is A, while a’ is the acceleration of the block relative to the wedge. The coordinate system is in