托卡马克磁场位形中带电粒子的运动王中天核工业西南物理研究院.doc

托卡马克磁场位形中带电粒子的运动 王中天 核工业西南物理研究院 (2007年核聚变与等离子体物理暑期讲习班) Particle Dynamics in Tokamak Configuration Ⅰ. Charged particle motion in a general magnetic field 1. Larmor orbits Particle in the magnetic field satisfies the equation of motion, (1.1.1) where m is the mass, e is the charge, is the velocity is the magnetic field. If the magnetic field is uniform in z-direction the components of the equation are , (1.1.2) (1.1.3) where is the cyclotron frequency. The solutions are , (1.1.4) (1.1.5) The equation (1.14) can be integrated, (1.1.6) where is the Larmor radius. Thus the particle has a helical orbit composed of the circular motion and a constant velocity in the direction of the magnetic field. 2. Particle drifts The particle orbits calculated in last section resulted from the assumption of a uniform magnetic field and no electric field. The charged particles gyrate rapidly about the guiding centre of their motion. The perpendicular drifts of the guiding centre arise in the presence of any of the following [1]: an electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field; a gradient in magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic field; curvature of the magnetic field; a time dependent electric field. The drift velocity for each case is derived below. drift If there is an electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field the particle orbit undergo a drift perpendicular to both fields. This is the so-called drift. The equation of motion is (1.2.1) Choosing the z coordinate along the magnetic field and the y coordinate along the perpendicular electrical field, the components of Eq.(1.2.1) are , The solution of the equations can be written , (1.2.2) is the drift which is independent of the charge, mass, and energy of the particle. The whol