罗宾斯《管理学原理》FOM6_CH10in.pptVIP

Motivating and Rewarding Employees L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S Describe the motivation process. Define needs. Explain the hierarchy of needs theory. Differentiate Theory X from Theory Y. Explain the motivational implications of the motivation-hygiene theory. Describe the motivational implications of equity theory. Explain the key relationships in expectancy theory. Describe how managers can design individual jobs to maximize employee performance. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S (cont’d) Explain the effect of workforce diversity on motivational practices. Describe how entrepreneurs motivate their employees. Motivation and Individual Needs Motivation The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need Need An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive Components of Motivation EXHIBIT 10–1 The Motivation Process Early Theories Of Motivation Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow) There is a hierarchy of five human needs; as each need becomes satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Physiological: food, drink, shelter, sex Safety: physical safety Social: affiliation with others, affection, friendship Esteem: Internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement); external (status, recognition, and attention) Self-actualization: personal growth and fulfillment EXHIBIT 10–2 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Early Theories Of Motivation (cont’d) Theory X (McGregor) The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory Y The assumption that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction. EXHIBIT 10–3 Theory X and Theory Y Premises Early Theories Of Motivation (cont’d) Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Herzberg) Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors Factors, such as working conditions and sa