2004年上学期 寒假专题——不定式 北京版 教.docVIP

2004年上学期 寒假专题——不定式 一. 本周教学内容： 寒假专题——不定式 1. 不定式基本形式：to +动词原形，有时可以省略to。 （1）动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 （2）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有它的宾语和状语。 动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 （3）不定式前面的to和介词to不同，介词to后跟名词或代词的宾格，或相当于名词的词及短语做宾语；而不定式to后要跟动词原形。 2. 不定式的语法功能可归纳为三种基本用法： （1）不定式作名词的用法：在句中与名词作用相同，用作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 1不定式用作主语： e.g. To study English well is very important . To cross a busy street during rush hours is a little dangerous. To be with you is so nice , I think . 注：以上句子通常用“It is + adj. + （for sb. ）+ to do sth . ”这一句型代替。 2不定式作表语： e.g. A student’s work is to study hard . The greatest reward for her is to finish the marathon. My wish is to have such a nice car one day . 3不定式作宾语：不定式用于及物动词后担当宾语，常见的用不定式作宾语的及物动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin / start , try , need , forget , agree , know , learn , promise , refuse , help 等。 e.g. We want to have a rest after school before we start to do our homework. Don’t forget to wake up Xiao Ming at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow morning . The boy began to learn to play the piano when he was only 6 years old. 4不定式作宾语补足语：常用不定式作宾补的及物动词有ask , tell , like , want , make , let , have , help 以及hear , see 等。 e.g. She told her children to be honest all the time. I want you to finish the work by yourself. （2）不定式作副词的用法：修饰动词或形容词，表目的或原因，作状语。 1表目的： e.g. They went to England to study English for a month . He didn’t stop to have a rest in the marathon. Mr. White took me to his home to meet his family . The boy got the ball , turned to shoot , and got two points . 2表原因： 不定式在表感情色彩的形容词如glad , happy , sorry , sad , surprised , pleased 等之后修饰该形容词，表“因……而……”。也可用于其它形容词之后，表“供……之用。” e.g. I’m glad to receive your E-mail. I’m sorry to hear that . We’re so happy to have a picnic in such a nice day . The house is good enough to live in . English corner is really good for you to practise your English and make friends . （3）不定式作形容词 1不定式作定