Seminar2MPLSOverviewApplications解读.pptVIP

Seminar 2:  MPLS Overview Applications Outline IP Routing Review MPLS motivating factors functionality signaling protocols applications standards LSR Implementations SP Deployments Summary Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols Internet (IP) routing is adaptive and distributed Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs): RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, etc. Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP): BGP IP Routing Review IP routing can be partitioned into two basic components: 1) The control component: is responsible for construction and maintenance of the routing table each IP hop runs its own instance of the routing algorithm the link metrics most IGPs use for deciding what path to send traffic on are either hop count, or administrative weight 2) The forwarding component: forwards packets from input to output based on the information carried in the packet itself and a routing table maintained by a router IP forwarding is done independently at every hop for the most part, forwarding in IP networks is currently based solely on destination address IP Forwarding FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) a group of IP packets which are forwarded in the same manner e.g., over the same path with the same forwarding treatment IP packets are classified into FECs at each hop in conventional routing in MPLS, only classified once at the ingress IP packet forwarding works by assigning a packet to a FEC determining the next-hop of each FEC IP Forwardingcontinued... Traditional IPThree Important Questions... Q: What field in the IP header is used to make the forwarding decision? A: The destination IP address Q: When this field is used as an index into the Routing table, what is looked up? A: The next hop IP address Q: What other vital piece of information does the Routing Table contain? A: The output interface Multiprotocol Label Switching Initial MPLS Motivating Factors Scalability due to the growth in the number of Internet users and user bandwidth requirements, higher performance e