空气动力学电子教案Chapter_02.pptVIP

PART I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES （基本原理） Chapter 2 Aerodynamics: Some Fundamental Principles and Equations 2.1 Introduction and Road Map Preparation of tools for the analysis of aerodynamics Every aerodynamic tool we developed in this and subsequent chapters is important for the analysis and understanding of practical problems Orientation offered by the road map 2.2 Review of Vector relations 2.2.1 to 2.2.10 Skipped over 2.2.11 Relations between line, surface, and volume integrals 2.3 Models of the fluid: control volumes and fluid particles Importance to create physical feeling from physical observation. How to make reasonable judgments on difficult problems. In this chapter, basic equations of aerodynamics will be derived. Philosophical procedure involved with the development of these equations Energy equation in partial differential form If the flow is steady, inviscid, adiabatic, without body force After apply three fundamental physical principles, we have derived three basic equations for fluid flow. And there are three variables, such as For calorically perfect gases Then, one more property is added, but with perfect gas equation Continuity, momentum and energy equation with two additional equations are five independent equations, and there five unknowns . So that we have got a closed system for the flow problems. 2.8 Interim summary 2.9 Substantial derivatives Focus our eye on a infinitesimal fluid element moving through a flow field. The velocity field can be given as The density can be given as With the use of Taylor series expansion about point 1 Dividing by in cartesian coordinates, then Substantial derivative Local derivative convective derivative x direction y direction z direction These equations can applied for unsteady, 3D flow of any fluid, compressible or incompressible, viscous or inviscid. Steady and inviscid flow without body forces Euler’s Equations and Navier-Stokes equations Whether the viscous effects are being cons