明星的表演与被表演——影片《阮玲玉》与明星形象的还原和重塑.doc

明星的表演与被表演 ——影片《阮玲玉》与明星形象的还原和重塑 张淳( 中文摘要：默片明星阮玲玉在1935年的三八妇女节前夜自杀，大半个世纪以来，她成为一个被反复书写和记忆的对象，一个因死亡而获得永生的传奇。在连篇累牍的报道和影像背后，阮玲玉本人却没有留下自己的任何声音，她留给世人的只有仅存的几部默片，电影杂志刊登的照片，以及一封“人言可畏”的遗书。人们能看到的“真实的”阮玲玉是在表演的阮玲玉，在影片中扮演别人，在媒体中扮演自己；此外，还有被表演的阮玲玉，在上个世纪三十年代的舞台、今天的电视剧屏幕和电影银幕上被她人演绎。由香港人关锦鹏导演、张曼玉主演的影片《阮玲玉》（1991）试图为我们展现一种不同的对待女明星的方式：从女明星的表演事业和情感纠葛入手，当代的导演和演员并没有使该片成为对阮玲玉明星形象的又一次消费，而是努力摒弃普遍存在的猎艳和猎奇的眼光，试图用一种“还原历史”的严肃态度来呈现这个默片明星。本文试图通过对这部影片的分析，展现出如何用视觉叙事和演员的表演来“还原/重塑”女明星；并结合历史材料，探究这种“还原”强调了 “明星”的哪些要素，遮蔽了历史的什么方面；本文还将探讨两代女星在这种表演/被表演中产生了怎样的对话和相互影响。 关键词：明星 表演 阮玲玉 张曼玉 Abstract:The famous silent movie star Ruan Lingyu has been an object of rewriting and memorizing for more than a half century since she killed herself in 1935, right before the night of the Women’s Day. Her death led her to become both a myth and an icon of early Chinese Cinema and the era of her age. She always kept silence behind the numerous reports and images about her with only a few published photos, existing silent films and a death note with “Gossip is a fearful thing” left to contemporary audiences. The “real” Ruan is shown to us either as the performing actress in films: performing other women on screen and herself off screen; or as the performed star by other actresses on both stages and screens. Center Stage, directed by Stanley Kwan and casted by Maggie Cheung in 1991, is an attempt to show us a different way to represent Ruan. Focused on her movie career and tragic suicide, rather than made his film another consumption of this movie star, Kwan tried to break away from the public voyeurism and treat her seriously in an ambition to “recover” the history of Ruan and the early Chinese Cinema world. Based on a close textual analysis, this essay is going to explore how this film “recovered/rebuilt” the star image of Ruan through visual narration and actress performing. With a reading of historical material, it also going to discover which elements of stardom were emphasized and what aspects of history were buried dur