美国文学史PPT5.pptVIP

William Dean Howells  “Dean of American Realism” Howells’s realistic principles P119 paragraph 2 P120 paragraph 2 a. Realism is “fidelity to experience and probability of motive”.完全真实对待生活和素材 b. The aim is “talk of some ordinary traits of American life”.写作目的是讲述普通人的生活 c. Man in his natural and unaffected dullness was the object of fictional representation. 人自然流露出的呆板和迟钝是描写的对象 d. Realism is by no means mere photographic pictures of externals but includes a central concern with “motives” and psychological conflicts. 现实主义不仅表现外在的影像，还应包含对动机和心理冲突的分析 e. He avoids such themes as illicit love.避免涉及违背伦理道德的爱情话题 f. Characters should have solidity of specification and be real. 人物塑造应真实可信 g. The “common feelings of commonplace people” was best suited as a technique to express the spirit of America.表现普通人的普通感情是表达美国精神的最好方式 i. Truth is the highest beauty, it includes the view that morality penetrates all things. 真理是最美的，真理蕴含一个观点：道德无处不在。 j. With regard to literary criticism, Howells felt that the literary critic should follow the detached scientist in accurate description, interpretation, and classification.使用科学的方法，仔细描述、解读和分类 Works Author O. Henry (1862-1910) was a prolific American short-story writer, a master of surprise endings, who wrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City. A twist of plot, which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance, is typical of O. Henrys stories. Story synopsis: A policeman on the beat sees a man leaning in the doorway of a hardware store. The man explains that he is waiting for his friend Jimmy Wells, an appointment they had made twenty years ago. They were best friends, and the man waiting is sure his friend will show up.  Henry James (1843—1916) Henry James realism writer philosopher critic playwright 西方现代心理分析小说的开拓者 The Portrait of a Lady -----Henry James The Portrait of a Lady It is one of James most popular long novels, and is regarded by critics as one of his finest . With rich, well-structured, and