跨文化交际chap3.pptVIP

 Intercultural Communications Professor: Lu Le 2006-2007 2nd semester Time allocation: 4 hours Form of class: lecture+ Q A Main contents: Theories measuring cultural values and dimensions The Kluckhohns and Strodtbeck’s five basic questions. Hofstede’s four dimensions Hall’s Theory on High and Low Context Cultures Ability to analyze cases of cultural differences using these theories Questions: How do you explain the differences between these differences? What lie behind all the differences between cultures? --- value systems and way of thinking   Four pairs of contrasting values used to evaluate cultural differences among different countries. The findings were the result of a research conducted in a large enterprise, IBM, with its braches in 67 countries. Individual oriented society：a loosely knit social framework; individuals are supposed to take care of themselves. (I Culture ) Examples: America, North European countries Group oriented society：a tightly knit social framework; individuals can expect their relatives, or other in group to look after them. (We Culture或I-less Culture ) Examples: Asian countries and Latin American countries and Middle Eastern countries Dimension Two: Power Distance：Large versus Small Power Distance Large Power Distance countries: accept a hierarchical order Examples: Asian countries and Latin American countries and Middle Eastern countries Small Power Distance countries: strive for equalization Examples: America, European countries Dimension Three: Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Versus Weak Uncertainty Avoidance  Strong Uncertainty Avoidance：uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity, intolerant with deviance. For Example: Greece, Belgium, Portugal, Japan, Chile, Israel, Spain Weak Uncertainty Avoidance：practice counts more than principles; deviance is more easily tolerated. For