高中英语分词语法(46张)技术报告.ppt

一、-ing形式作定语（attribute） 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于 被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰 者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者 的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台 tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 比较: a swimming pool a swimming boy a sleeping car a sleeping baby 2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的 名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个 定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累, 在微风中轻轻摇曳。 五、-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语 1) 位置：常放在宾语后面, -ing形式表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。 过去分词表示被动，如： 1）When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 2.I saw many people injured in the accident. We found the snake eating the eggs. We found the cake eaten up by the boys. I found a bag lying on the ground. I found a bag put on the ground. The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 3) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作 宾语补足语的便转换为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。 I found the boy puzzled. =The boy was found puzzled They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. I heard the song sung in English = The song was heard sung in English. 现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或 整个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、 方式、结果、条