动词时态语态技巧.ppt

语法串讲动词的时态与语态 崔华娴 动词时态 表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。 综述 一般体 一般体表示单纯事件或一般动作、抽象事物的发生。一般时态有四种： a.一般现在时，用动词原形，但第三人称单数后要加-s或-es。 b. 一般过去时，动词用过去式。 c. 一般将来时，用shall或will加动词原形。 d. 一般过去将来时，用should 或would加动词 原形。 1. 一般现在时 一般现在时通常用于表示现在时间的动作或状态。 1) 一般现在时可以用来表示客观事实；经常或习惯性的动作、能力，常和时间状语always, usually, sometimes, often等词连用。 China has the largest population in the world. I never drive in winter. He always goes to work by car. 2) 表示过去或将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 What wind blows you here? The delegation arrives in Hangzhou this morning. 将于今天上午到达杭州。 1. 一般现在时 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 2. 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去经常性的动作。 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作。 Mary gave birth to a girl last month. How did you like their performance? 2) 表示过去习惯性的动作。一般句中带有频度的时间状语或含有频度意义的词汇，还可借助助动词used to或would表示。 When he was at college, he wrote home once a week. We used to do much reading in the evenings, but now we don’t. 3) 过去时在虚拟条件从句中表示与现在事实相反，或表示将来动作或状态的主观设想。 If I were deaf, I wouldn’t hear them quarrel. It is time we began our class. 3. 一般将来时 一般将来时泛指将来要发生或可能要发生的动作或情况。 1) will / shall + 动词原形，泛指将来 Will you be busy tonight? 2) be + 不定式结构，表示受人主观控制的将来时间的动作，包括计划、安排、命令、吩咐、禁止、不许等。 The Queen is to visit China next week. You are not to go out alone. 3) be about to不定式结构表示“就要”、“刚要发生”的动作。 The press conference is about to start. 4) be going to 计划 安排 I am going to have