翻译理论第3章技巧.pptVIP

3. Equivalence and equivalent effect Key concepts Roman Jakobson: 可译性和意义对等 Nida: “科学”翻译方法 Nida: 形式对等和动态对等及等效原则：关注接受者 3.1 Roman Jakobson: the nature of linguistic meaning and equivalence On linguistic aspects of translation (1959) intralingual translation interlingual translation →linguistic meaning and equivalence intersemiotic translation Saussure :langue and parole （语言和言语） langue指语言系统，parole指语言实际运用时的具体表达 语言理论具有的核心意义：区分“signifier”（能指，口头或书面符号） 和“signified”（所指，具体的概念） “能指”和“所指”共同组成语言“符号” 3.1 Roman Jakobson: the nature of linguistic meaning and equivalence Langue Parole Abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community Realization of langue in actual use. Det. + N may be realized in actual use as the book, the desk, the radio, etc. A set of conventions and rules language users all have to abide by concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules Abstract; it is not the language which people actually use Concrete; naturally occurring language events Relatively stable Varying from person to person, from situation to situation 3.1 Roman Jakobson: the nature of linguistic meaning and equivalence Summaries to Make and Linguistic Viewpoints to Learn Saussure 言语组成部分→Jakobson 开始思考：equivalence in meaning between words in different languages Jakobson 指出“通常在代码单位之间不存在完全对等” eg. : cheese ≠syr(俄）≠queso（西班牙）≠K?se （德）etc. 在Jakobson 的描述中，语际翻译涉及“substituting messages in one language not for separate code-units but for entire messages in some other language 翻译家重新编码并传达他从其他语言接收到的信息代码（Jakobson，1959) 3.1 Roman Jakobson: the nature of linguistic meaning and equivalence Jakobson: 讨论意义和对等问题应该关注the structure and terminology of languages 而不是关注某种语言无法把另一种语言中的信息表达出来。 在Jakobson看来，跨语言差异是对等概念的基础，其核心问题是语言带有强制性的语法形式和词汇形式： Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey. 3.1 Roman Jakobson: the nature of linguistic meaning and equivalence Examples of differences: the le