Chapter 1 Prior knowledge.pptVIP

Example 4: x(t) = cos(2? t) when t 10, x(t) = cos(6? t) when 10 ? t 20, x(t) = cos(4? t) when t ? 20 τ τ */53 2.2 An Orthgonal Basis of Functions We can obtain an orthogonal basis of functions related to the Short Time Fourier Transform when using the window function g(t)= the box of width T as follows. Instead of computing STFT(f,s) for all frequencies f and all time shifts s we restrict the calculation to and . This corresponds to orthonormal functions define: ? */53 In summary, if we restrict the STFT calculation to a discrete set of frequencies and times we can regard the STFT values as the coordinates of our signal x(t) with respect to an orthogonal basis. Hence we can recover our signal x(t) from these STFT values. . */53 STFT with Other Windows (1) Rectangle (2) Triangle (3) Hanning (4) Hamming (5) Gaussian -B B -B B */53 All the time-frequency analysis methods has the advantage of: The instantaneous frequency can be observed. All the time-frequency analysis methods has the disadvantage of: Higher complexity for computation 2.3 Advantage and Disadvantage ? Compared with the Fourier transform: */53 One of the disadvantage of the STFT is that it has a fixed resolution. A wide window gives better frequency resolution but poor time resolution. A narrower window gives good time resolution but poor frequency resolution. This property is related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. */53 We hope that some algorithms can give good time resolution for high-frequency events, and good frequency resolution for low-frequency events, which is the type of analysis best suited for many real signals. 3 Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing Basic Sampling Rate Alteration： Up-sampler - Used to increase the sampling rate by an integer factor Down-sampler - Used to decrease the sampling rate by an integer factor */53 Up-Sampler Time-Domain Characterization An up-sampler with an up-sampli