Chapter 11 Physiology of plant maturation and senescence.pptVIP

Chapter 11?? Physiology of Plant  Maturation and Senescence 11.1 Development and maturation of seeds 11.2 Growth and maturation of fruits 11.3 Physiology of plant dormancy 11.4 Physiology of plant senescence 11.5 Physiology of plant abscission 油料种子中的脂肪是由糖（葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉）转化而来的。 先形成游离脂肪酸，再合成复杂的油脂。因而酸价（中和1克油脂中游离脂肪酸所需的KOH的毫克数）逐渐降低。 先形成饱和脂肪酸，再变为不饱和脂肪酸。因而碘价（100克油脂所能吸收碘的克数）逐渐增加。 （1）风旱不实：热风和干旱使籽粒灌浆不足， 并影响种子成分的现象。 （2）温度：低温有利油脂和不饱和脂肪酸积累 （3）营养条件： N：提高淀粉种子蛋白含量 K：提高淀粉种子淀粉含量 K、P：提高油料种子的脂肪含量 N：提高油料种子的蛋白含量，但减少脂 肪含量 研究表明，在呼吸跃变开始或正要开始时，果实内乙烯含量明显↑。因此认为乙烯大量↑增加果皮细胞透性，使果实内部的氧化过程加强，促进果实呼吸作用，加速果实成熟。 实践中，可通过调节呼吸骤变的来临，以达到推迟或提早果实成熟的目的。如：可降低温度和O2，提高CO2 浓度或充N2 来延迟呼吸骤变，达到保鲜目的。而反之，提高T或增加O2 浓度，或施用乙烯，则可刺激骤变来临，催熟果实。 After ripening is required Matured morphologically, but not physiologically After ripening: physiological changes Stratification: wet sand, low temperature Dry storage Respiration Enzyme activities Storage reserves degradation Plant hormone Permeability to water and gas Embryo development is not finished yet Morphological after ripening Existence of inhibitory substances Inhibitory substances: ABA HCN、ethylene, NH3…… 芥子油、精油 SA、没食子酸、阿魏酸、香豆素…… 柠檬醛、肉桂醛…… 咖啡碱、古柯碱…… Location of inhibitory substances: pulp seed coat endosperm cotyledons Biological functions of inhibitory substances in the seed coat: Seeds in the desert can utilize the inhibitory substances in the seed coat to measure the volume of rain, and determine the germination. 11.3.2 Regulation of seed dormancy Break Elongation J. Derek Bewley back 11.4 Physiology of plant senescence Senescence: normal, energy-dependent developmental process, controlled by the plant’s own genetic program. 11.4.1 Plants exhibit various types of senescence Monocarpic（结一次果） senescence: annual, biennial Necrosis: death brought about by physical damage, poisons, or other external injury. Soybean (Gly