Chapter 5 Methods.pptVIP

Liang, Introduction to C++ Programming, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 013225445X Chapter 5 Functions Objectives To know the concept of function To learn how to create and invoke functions To master the methods of passing arguments to a function To understand the differences between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference To know function overloading and understand ambiguous overloading To know how to declare function headers using prototypes To know how to use default arguments To create header files for reusing functions To understand the scope of local and global variables To know C++ mathematical functions To design and implement functions using stepwise refinement To know the concept of inline functions §5.1 Basics of Function Definition of Function A collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation. Benefits of Function Problem simplifying “Divide and conquer” Code reusing Avoid re-coding, re-compiling Information hiding Hide the implementation from the user A special function main() Creating a Function Syntax of Declaration returnValueType functionName(list of parameters) { //Function body Statements; } Function Header Function header Return value type + function name + parameter list Function signature Function name + parameter list Formal parameter The variables defined in the function header Parameters are optional Return Value Type The data type of the value the function returns Void function: no return value and return value type is “void” Default type (returnValueType is omitted): int Function Body The collection of statements defining what the function does “return” statement is required for value-returning functions A function terminates when a return statement is executed Although there may be some statements left Calling a Function To use a function: call/invoke it Trace of Function Invocation Call Stacks Trace Call Stack Trace Call Stack Trace Call Stack Trace Call Stack Trace C