Chapter 6 The Second Law of Ther.pptVIP

6-7 What is Entropy * * Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 6-1 Spontaneous Accidents 6-1-1 Direction of spontaneous Accident Heat transfer under temperature difference Produce work under pressure difference Work to heat Orderliness to Chaos 6-1-2 Irreversibility of spontaneous Accident If reversed, trace will be left on the surroundings 6-1-3 Equivalence of spontaneous Accident 6-2-1 Kelvin-Planck Statement (1) Thermal energy reservoir A body with a relative large thermal energy capacity that can supply or absorb finite amounts of heat without undergoing any change in temperature (2) Heat engines 6-2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics High-temperature SOURCE Low-temperature SINK Engine Qin Qout Thermal Energy Reservoir Thermal Energy Reservoir Wnet Can we Save Qout? (3) Refrigerator and Air Conditioner High-temperature SOURCE Low-temperature SINK Refrigerator W QL QH (3) Kelvin-Planck Statement It’s Impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work 6-2-2 Clausuis Statement It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a lower temperature body to a higher temperature 6-2-3 Equivalence of the two Statements If disobey Kelvin-Planck statement: then we can produce an engine with 100% efficiency Low temperature reservoir High temperature reservoir engine QH W = QH Refrigerator QH+QL QL = refrigerator Low temperature reservoir high temperature reservoir QL QL 6-3 The Carnot Cycle 6-3-1 Carnot Cycle (1) Construction of Carnot cycle (2) Efficiency q1 q2 w Since 1-4、2-3 are adiabatic process 6-3-2 The reversed Carnot Cycle 6-3-3 The Carnot Principles The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less than that of a reversible one operating between the same two reservoirs The efficiency of a