chapter06_lecture.pptVIP

Powerpoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Third Edition Hartwell ● Hood ● Goldberg ● Reynolds ● Silver ● Veres DNA How the Molecule of Heredity Carries, Replicates, and Recombines Information Outline of Chapter 6 How investigators pinpointed DNA as the genetic material The elegant Watson-Crick model of DNA structure How DNA structure provides for the storage of genetic information How DNA structure gives rise to the semiconservative model of molecular replication How DNA structure promotes the recombination of genetic information Chemical characterization localizes DNA in the chromosomes. 1869 – Friedrich Meischer extracted a weakly acidic, phosphorous rich material from nuclei of human white blood cells which he named nuclein. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribose – a sugar; acidic Four subunits belonging to class of compounds called nucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds Chromosomes are composed of DNA. The chemical composition of DNA Are genes composed of DNA or protein? DNA Only four different subunits make up DNA. Chromosomes contain less DNA than protein by weight. Protein 20 different subunits – greater potential variety of combinations Chromosomes contain more protein than DNA by weight. Bacterial transformation implicates DNA as the substance of genes. 1928 – Frederick Griffith – experiments with smooth (S), virulent strain Streptococcus pneumoniae, and rough (R), nonvirulent strain Bacterial transformation demonstrates transfer of genetic material. 1944 – Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty determined that DNA is the transformation material. Griffith experiment Griffith experiment Avery, MacLeod, McCarty Experiment Avery, MacLeod, McCarty experiment Hershey and Chase experiments 1952 – Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase provide convincing evidence that DNA is genetic material. Waring blender experiment using T2 bacteriophage and bacteria Radioactive labels 32P for DNA and 35S for protein Hershey and Chase Waring blend